この記事では語源bat（打つ）に関連する英単語を紹介します。
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batter /bˈæṭɚ/ : 叩く、打者、
batterは「叩く」を意味し、語源はラテン語のbattuere(叩く)に由来します。
Batter means “hit”, and the etymology comes from Latin battuere (hit). Batter means to hit many times to hurt the other. Let’s see an example sentence of batter. Violent criminals batter strangers to death with a bat. When the criminal keeps standing in the building, the police batter the door down and breaks in.
Batter also means someone who hit the ball. The role of the batter in baseball is to hit the pitcher’s throwing ball in the batter box and go out to the base. By hitting a hit, the batter becomes a runner and turns to the next batter.
Batteries are also used in dishes. Batter is a mixture of egg, flour and water. Using batter makes it easier to cook fried foods.
battery /bˈæṭəri/ : 電池
batteryは「電池」を意味し、語源はbattuere(叩く)に由来します。
中期フランス語では「砲撃」を意味していましたが、電気の放電が砲撃に似ていることから、batteryが電池の意味を持つようになりました。
Battery means “something to supply with electricity”, and the etymology comes from battuere (hit). In Middle French battery meant “bombardment”, but since the electric discharge is similar to bombardment, the battery now has the meaning of “supply of electricity”.
There are various kinds of batteries. Disposable batteries that can only discharge are called dry batteries or primary batteries. On the other hand, rechargeable batteries that can be repeatedly used are called rechargeable batteries or secondary batteries. If you do not use the rechargeable battery for a long time, it will spontaneously discharge.
Big and heavy batteries also exist. The car battery is familiar example. If you use the air conditioner of the car too much, the battery of the car goes up.
battle /bˈæṭl/ : 戦闘、戦い
battleは「戦闘」を意味し、語源はbattuere(叩く)に由来します。
battleは戦争の中の個別の戦いを意味します。
Battle means “fight between armies”, and the etymology comes from battuere (hit). Battle means an individual fight during the war. Many soldiers died in battle during wartime. Mines are weapons to injure enemy soldiers in battle.
combat /kəmbˈæt/ : 戦闘
combatは「戦闘」を意味し、語源はcom(一緒)とbattuere(叩く)に由来します。同義語はbattleです。
Combat means “battle in a war”, and the etymology comes from com (together) and battuere (hit). Synonym is battle.
Numerous soldiers are injured in combat. You will be engaged in mortal combat with opponents whose competences are competitive. The Army is good at a ground combat. Air Force attacks the enemy’s home base with a combat aircraft. During the war, civilians are drafted as combatants and will join combat missions. If the luck is bad, they will be killed in combat. In close combat, soldiers fight with knives and handguns.
debate /dɪbéɪt/ : 討論
debateは「討論」を意味し、語源はde(徹底的)とbatre(叩く)に由来します。
原義は古期フランス語のdibatre(戦う)で、同義語はdiscussionです。
ディベートとは、ある公的な主題に関して異なる立場に分かれて議論をすることです。
Debate means “discussion”, and the etymology comes from de (exhaustive) and batre (hit). Original is the ancient French dibatre (fight). Synonyms are discussion.
Debate is a discussion on a certain public subject between different positions . The debater is divided into positive side and negative side to discuss and persuade the judge and the audience. Judges and audiences will decide winners or losers.
Debate is an intellectual sport that persuades a third party by defeating the opponent in discussion. Japanese politicians will also debate. At the National Assembly in Japan, party leader’s debate will be held once a week. Japanese party leader’s debate was made from the UK’ s question time.
rebate /ríːbeɪt/ : 払い戻し
rebateは「払い戻し」を意味し、語源はre(何度も)とabattre(打ち倒す)に由来します。
原義は古期フランス語のrabattre(差し引く)です。同義語はrefundです。
rebateは払いすぎにより戻ってくるお金を意味します。
Rebate means “money paid back to you”, the etymology comes from re (many times) and abattre (overthrow). The original idea is an ancient French rabattre (deduction). The synonym is refund.
Rebate means money that comes back due to over payment. For example, if you paid tax too much by withholding tax, you can claim tax rebate by year-end adjustment. Rebate also means money to pay as a reward. Mobile carriers will pay rebates to dealers that sold their mobile phones. The manufacturer pays a rebate as a reward for the retailer who sold their products.